Click here to watch the opening sequence.
Overview on "Se7en":
- Distributor: New Line Cinema
- The opening sequence of Se7en gives the audience an insight into the film- it introduces the character of the killer (John Doe, played by Kevin Spacey). It also hints at the storyline.
- The title designer, Kyle Cooper, and director, David Fincher, sets the atmosphere of Se7en, as the disturbing film that it is, through their choice of shot and titles.
- Due to the horror/thriller genre, it is based at an audience of young adults.
- Se7en is a well known psychological thriller with horror elements, and I feel like this opening sequence is a great example for me to use, to create the base of my own physiological horror film. I do however know that in order to meet the marketing criteria, I will need to involve a range of shots and movement within my title sequence.
Genre:
- The introduction of the extreme close-up of hand the dark lighting immediately enforces and horror genre, due to the audience not being able to fully identify the character. This adds mystery and enigma to the opening sequence and makes the audience want to know more about the protagonist.
- The tone is quite sinister, due tot het use of Mise-En-Scene. Examples of this include crossing out children's faces.
- The title of the film also highlights that it is a horror film, by it's disoriented look, giving the impression that the audience is looking through the eyes of a psychopath.
- The opening sequence is edited with jump cuts and sudden movements which shocks the audience, putting them 'on the edge', therefore enforcing the thriller genre.
Themes and Typography:
The colours chosen at the beginning are dark, and dim lit, creating the mood and the atmosphere. The typography, used to display the names, are in a handwritten/graffiti font, to give it a distorted and abstract feel. It then gains a shadow, as it transitions to the next shot. This creates an disturbing and uncomfortable feeling for the audience, however it is not off-putting because the film is aimed at young, thriller-lovers.
Shots:
- The shots of the title sequence are a few seconds frames with quick cutaways, for focusing on one particular area. This makes the audience feel uneasy, as they feel like they are seeing something that they shouldn't be seeing.
- This creates the impression that they are witnessing the preparation of the action, which foreshadows what happens in the film.
- Another main focus is extreme close-ups onto objects. This limits the audience's vision, creating enigma.
Shot types:
The opening sequence is made up of many extreme close ups that work together to create a montage. This is effective at intriguing the audience by providing them with detail and distancing them by not showing any wider shots, that will give them more information about the character. This can be effective at creating a tense atmosphere for an audience by showing minimal full length character shots. This inspires me to vary the amount of shots in my film, as well as using mise-en-scene to create an uncomfortable feel.
Mise-En-Scene:
- The opening sequence is full of unusual and creepy mise-en-scene, such as pictures of victim's faces being rubbed out by black marker pens. Straight away, this makes the audience feel a sense of discomfort.
- The audience is exposed to the word 'God' being cut out of a dollar bill/ This hints that the character believes in God.
Editing & Colour:
The editing that went into the opening sequence lasted five weeks compared to the two days it was shot over. This can be seen because of how advanced the editing is, with the use of dissolving transitions. This makes the audience feel disjointed.
The colour used is a washed-out grey-tone. These dull connotations, combined with flashes of red which appear randomly, give the sense that there is a lot of violence in the film.
Music:
The music chosen and used by Howard Shore is a remix of Nine Inch who are known for their association with dark and gruesome imagery. The music is gritty and reflects the overall disterbing tone of the film. As the msic increases in tempo. the random images begin to flash and pop up more frequently, making them difficult to follow. Ths creates a sense of urgency. The effect of repetition of some images creates a feel of unease and disorganisation. The disturbing sound effects (for instance, the nails scratching on a chalk board) conveys an unnatural atmosphere, which makes the audience feel uncomfortable.
Characters:
There are minimal shots of characters in the opening sequence. In doing this, the audience is alienated, as enigma is created due to the limited shots of character. This is effective because it adds more suspense and tension, which is what a horror/thriller should do.
Credits:
The titles appear distorted and flash onto the screen. This creates the a psychotic feel.
The protagonist's credits (John Doe played by Kevin Spacey) does not appear, which conveys the mystery behind the villain because the audience has limited information.
A media blog, filled with media related stuff, presented in different media ways... For A-Level Media at Coombe Sixth Form.
Friday, 19 December 2014
Tuesday, 16 December 2014
The Butterfly Effect Opening Sequence
Opening Sequences
Sequence 1: The Butterfly Effect Opening Sequence
How is genre introduced?
The non-diegetic background music, more than anything else, represents the genre. However, the music does conotate with the text, even though the opening sequence is just credits. The text does somehow indicate part of the genre.
0:00 - 0:07; It tells us who the producers of the film are. The text flickers, which gives the sense that the motive isn't clear. As we find out, the flickering is iconic because it gives us an insight of the main character's main problem- He finds it difficult to remember thing, so his thoughts are always flickering about, and therefore aren't clear. Therefore, the opening sequence is representative of the main character.
The music is also very dramatic, and it gets creepy once we get to the notepad part of the credits. The text creates enigma because the first piece of text you see on the notepad is "how do i fix it?!" and "you never lost me." This will make the audience ask questions, which will be answered, eventually, in the film.
0:08 - 0:13; We find out that this is an Ashton Kutcher movie. The music stays the same, giving it the same feel as before.
0:13 - 0:18; The music drastically changes-less dramatic more creepy! The pace of the text accelerates, as well as starting to flicker (which, we said before, is using iconography and representation of the main character's mental state.)
0:19 - 0:23; A new transition is used after we get introduced to "Amy Smart & Melora Walters"- they fizz out. (This is also representative because the main character subconsciously, fizzes out important memories, so he can't remember.) This may imply that she is a victim of what happens in the movie- maybe thanks to his mental well being?
0:24 - 0:28; We see a new piece of text, "do i have the power to heal them?" which creates more enigma. "Power? Power to control who?"
0:28 - 0:30; More enigma is created- "CUT THE ROPE". (Don't forget, the music is still creepy, it hasn't changed)
0:31 - 0:40; "I WILL COME BACK FOR YOU" is repeated, and then faded. This may give the impression that the character writing the credits is almost psycho-like? "took my shirt off' is repeated too- egotistical?
0:41 - End; We get the name of the movie.
The reason why this opening sequence is psychological horror, and not just horror is because the music messes with your head. You think something is going to happen, when really, nothing actually does. This is why the certificate on this film is 15+.
Sequence 1: The Butterfly Effect Opening Sequence
How is genre introduced?
The non-diegetic background music, more than anything else, represents the genre. However, the music does conotate with the text, even though the opening sequence is just credits. The text does somehow indicate part of the genre.
0:00 - 0:07; It tells us who the producers of the film are. The text flickers, which gives the sense that the motive isn't clear. As we find out, the flickering is iconic because it gives us an insight of the main character's main problem- He finds it difficult to remember thing, so his thoughts are always flickering about, and therefore aren't clear. Therefore, the opening sequence is representative of the main character.
The music is also very dramatic, and it gets creepy once we get to the notepad part of the credits. The text creates enigma because the first piece of text you see on the notepad is "how do i fix it?!" and "you never lost me." This will make the audience ask questions, which will be answered, eventually, in the film.
0:08 - 0:13; We find out that this is an Ashton Kutcher movie. The music stays the same, giving it the same feel as before.
0:13 - 0:18; The music drastically changes-less dramatic more creepy! The pace of the text accelerates, as well as starting to flicker (which, we said before, is using iconography and representation of the main character's mental state.)
0:19 - 0:23; A new transition is used after we get introduced to "Amy Smart & Melora Walters"- they fizz out. (This is also representative because the main character subconsciously, fizzes out important memories, so he can't remember.) This may imply that she is a victim of what happens in the movie- maybe thanks to his mental well being?
0:24 - 0:28; We see a new piece of text, "do i have the power to heal them?" which creates more enigma. "Power? Power to control who?"
0:28 - 0:30; More enigma is created- "CUT THE ROPE". (Don't forget, the music is still creepy, it hasn't changed)
0:31 - 0:40; "I WILL COME BACK FOR YOU" is repeated, and then faded. This may give the impression that the character writing the credits is almost psycho-like? "took my shirt off' is repeated too- egotistical?
0:41 - End; We get the name of the movie.
The reason why this opening sequence is psychological horror, and not just horror is because the music messes with your head. You think something is going to happen, when really, nothing actually does. This is why the certificate on this film is 15+.
Thursday, 11 December 2014
Preliminary Squence #1
For my coursework, me and three others produced a preliminary sequence, known as 'Feed The Fish'. We had to test our knowledge and understanding of what we've learnt this term (about camera angles, camera movements and editing) and display them in a production.
What Went Well? (WWW)
I thought that the way we used a range of shots to attempt to create a sense of enigma & tension was good, considering that it was our first production. I also like the way we used music to determine the genre.
Even Better If...? (EBI)
Firstly, I feel like we could have used a tripod to limit the shakiness (and the handheld effect) of some of the footage.
Secondly, I feel like we could have made the quality of the shots better. For example, we could have got down on the floor and filmed the girl walking outside as opposed to just standing and tracking. Laying down would have brought the focus more onto the feet walking, as well as limiting information as to where the girl is. It would've created more enigma.
Thirdly, I feel like we could have shot close ups of her face as she was coming up to the 'room' to create tension.
Fourthly, if we were able to do this again, is that we could have used lighting to create enigma. We could have filtered it on the video editor (Premiere Pro) if we were unable to create the effect when actually shooting it. We could have make the lighting darker to create the sense of thriller.
We could have also emphasised diegetic sound to make it sound realistic, as well as overlapping it with non-diegetic background music. We could have got sound effects.
Also, we could have stuck to a schedule in order to complete the task in a prompt manner, which would have allowed us to gain more time for editing.
What Went Well? (WWW)
I thought that the way we used a range of shots to attempt to create a sense of enigma & tension was good, considering that it was our first production. I also like the way we used music to determine the genre.
Even Better If...? (EBI)
Firstly, I feel like we could have used a tripod to limit the shakiness (and the handheld effect) of some of the footage.
Secondly, I feel like we could have made the quality of the shots better. For example, we could have got down on the floor and filmed the girl walking outside as opposed to just standing and tracking. Laying down would have brought the focus more onto the feet walking, as well as limiting information as to where the girl is. It would've created more enigma.
Thirdly, I feel like we could have shot close ups of her face as she was coming up to the 'room' to create tension.
Fourthly, if we were able to do this again, is that we could have used lighting to create enigma. We could have filtered it on the video editor (Premiere Pro) if we were unable to create the effect when actually shooting it. We could have make the lighting darker to create the sense of thriller.
We could have also emphasised diegetic sound to make it sound realistic, as well as overlapping it with non-diegetic background music. We could have got sound effects.
Also, we could have stuck to a schedule in order to complete the task in a prompt manner, which would have allowed us to gain more time for editing.
Wednesday, 10 December 2014
Art Of The Title: Anatomy Of A Murder (1959)
Typography elements:
The music used in the opening of 'Anatomy Of A Murder' suggests that the theme of the film is a crime/thriller one, as the music creates a sense of suspense and mystery. Connotations with 'mystery' is 'crime' and 'detectives', which connotes with fast action. The jazzy sounds not only enhances this view, but it is also used to build tension.
Monday, 1 December 2014
Opening Sequence - Harry Potter and The Philosopher's Stone
- The producers of the film are the Warner Brothers
- The music sets the genre; An epic fantasy adventure.
- Owl = Iconography for later on in the movie series
- Establishing shot to set the scene- a dark place = mystery & tension
- Albus Dumbledore = Stereotypical wizard (Mise-En-Scene) to indicate that this movie is going to be based around witches and wizards. (Also, introduction to our first character = he is very significant = creating enigma "Who is he?")
- Slower cutting of the first look at 'wizardry action' to (1) give the audience the time to take in that he is actually a wizard, rather than just assuming that he is an old man going trick or treating (for example) and (2) to give the sense that the action is taking place slowly.
- Introduction to both significant wizard characters and their status; Professor McGonagall and Albus Dumbledore. From the dialogue, you can see that McGonagall is the follower and Dumbledore is the leader because he knows all the answers to her questions.
- Hagrid: Low angle suggests that he is big in size (not status- his size actually contrasts status- although he is the biggest, he has the lowest status out of all three of them)
- Enigma about Harry
- The music sets the genre; An epic fantasy adventure.
- Owl = Iconography for later on in the movie series
- Establishing shot to set the scene- a dark place = mystery & tension
- Albus Dumbledore = Stereotypical wizard (Mise-En-Scene) to indicate that this movie is going to be based around witches and wizards. (Also, introduction to our first character = he is very significant = creating enigma "Who is he?")
- Slower cutting of the first look at 'wizardry action' to (1) give the audience the time to take in that he is actually a wizard, rather than just assuming that he is an old man going trick or treating (for example) and (2) to give the sense that the action is taking place slowly.
- Introduction to both significant wizard characters and their status; Professor McGonagall and Albus Dumbledore. From the dialogue, you can see that McGonagall is the follower and Dumbledore is the leader because he knows all the answers to her questions.
- Hagrid: Low angle suggests that he is big in size (not status- his size actually contrasts status- although he is the biggest, he has the lowest status out of all three of them)
- Enigma about Harry
Saturday, 15 November 2014
Claude Levi-Strauss & The Binary Opposition
Strauss argued that narrative (he called it 'Myth') has two main characteristics. They were:
1. That it's made of units that are put together according to certain rules.
2. That these units from relations with each other, based on binary pairs or opposites, which provide the basis of the structure.
The idea of opposition that he proposing roughly works out something like this;we often understand a concept by knowing what it isn't. This, he said, meant that in texts we had direct opposites that reflected differing ideas in narratives (and thus, texts.) These opposites were often in conflict in thr narrative and that was where the crux of the story of the story or the crisis of the narratives lay.
ROLAND BARTHES: FIVE CODES:
Emigma Code
Action Code
Semiotic Code
Cultural Code
Symbolic Code
1. That it's made of units that are put together according to certain rules.
2. That these units from relations with each other, based on binary pairs or opposites, which provide the basis of the structure.
The idea of opposition that he proposing roughly works out something like this;we often understand a concept by knowing what it isn't. This, he said, meant that in texts we had direct opposites that reflected differing ideas in narratives (and thus, texts.) These opposites were often in conflict in thr narrative and that was where the crux of the story of the story or the crisis of the narratives lay.
ROLAND BARTHES: FIVE CODES:
Emigma Code
Action Code
Semiotic Code
Cultural Code
Symbolic Code
Sunday, 9 November 2014
Denotation and Connotation
Denotation: The "literal" meaning of something, an image or idea.
Connotation: The extra added meanings that we attach to images, objects and ideas that are bit "lieral" byt based on our experience, culture, age, gender etc. They are often shared within group e.g. people of a similar age, people from a parcicular religion or country. Connonations are usually:
- Shared
- Similar
- Influenced by each other, the media and personal experience.
They are aften understood and shared by groups/ These groups can be based on many things, including:
- Race
- Age
- Geography (Where we live)
- Gender
- Occupation
Sometimes when reading a text, a person may read the text differently than was perhaps expected by the text's producers- this is sometimes a partial acceptance of the 'intended' meaning, and sometimes a complete rejection of it. These are called negotiated and aberrant readings respectively.
Connotation: The extra added meanings that we attach to images, objects and ideas that are bit "lieral" byt based on our experience, culture, age, gender etc. They are often shared within group e.g. people of a similar age, people from a parcicular religion or country. Connonations are usually:
- Shared
- Similar
- Influenced by each other, the media and personal experience.
They are aften understood and shared by groups/ These groups can be based on many things, including:
- Race
- Age
- Geography (Where we live)
- Gender
- Occupation
Sometimes when reading a text, a person may read the text differently than was perhaps expected by the text's producers- this is sometimes a partial acceptance of the 'intended' meaning, and sometimes a complete rejection of it. These are called negotiated and aberrant readings respectively.
Saturday, 8 November 2014
Lighting
Lighting is an important signifier in that it conveys the mood or atmosphere of the scene we are observing. In a studio, the lighting is usually from three sources and is set up as following:
The Key Light: Usually the brightest and the most influential.
The Back Light: Helps counteract the effect of key light, thus making the figure (or subject) more 'rounded'
The Filler Light(s): Helps to soften the harsh shadows that the use of back and key light creates.
High Key and Low Key Lighting:
The director manipulates this basic format to achieve the atmosphere s/he wishes to convey. If s/he only used the key and back lights, they will produce a sharp contrast of dark and light areas on the screen as the shadows are formed. This is known as low-key lighting and is often seen as expressive. High-key lighting means that more filler lights are used. This will appear more normal and realistic to out eyes but can also be manipulated to give more of a glamorous appearance to a star's face or add a 'twinkle' to their eyes (This 'twinkle' is called a catchlight)
The Back Light: Helps counteract the effect of key light, thus making the figure (or subject) more 'rounded'
The Filler Light(s): Helps to soften the harsh shadows that the use of back and key light creates.
High Key and Low Key Lighting:
The director manipulates this basic format to achieve the atmosphere s/he wishes to convey. If s/he only used the key and back lights, they will produce a sharp contrast of dark and light areas on the screen as the shadows are formed. This is known as low-key lighting and is often seen as expressive. High-key lighting means that more filler lights are used. This will appear more normal and realistic to out eyes but can also be manipulated to give more of a glamorous appearance to a star's face or add a 'twinkle' to their eyes (This 'twinkle' is called a catchlight)
Friday, 7 November 2014
Mise-En-Scene
Mise-En-Scene includes:
- The Setting
- The Costume and Makeup
- The use of figure, expression and movement by actors
- The Lighting
- The Positioning within the frame
THE STYLE SCALE:
Formalism & expressionism
- Form over content: how things are shown is most important, and beyond a usual representation of reality. Expressionist films are highly stylise, and are characterised by oblique camera angles, distorted shapes, bizarre setting, high contrast lighting and surreal and subjective.
- Realism
- Content over form: looks like real life- the intent is to make up forget it is a representation. This is the dominant style of most films, and is sometimes referred to as "the style of no style"
SETTING:
Setting gives a sense of place and time.Whatever the film is, you should always anaylse the set, because it provides important clues about the nature of the film, such as:
- Where the action takes place
- When the action takes place
- The mood
- The characters
- The genre of the film
COSTUME AND MAKEUP:
Costume and makeup can be considered as part of the set, because they indicate:
- The period
- The state of society
- Social class
- Cultural backgrounds
- Character traits
Changes in costume indicte changes in character, for example:
- Rich to poor
- Taking off clothes as lowering defences
- Clothing may also be a trademark
FIGURE, EXPRESSION AND MOVEMENT:
- Body language
- Appearance
- Facial Expression (very significant in close ups)
- Sound elements
- The way a character stands and moves is important
- If they are in the foreground, they may be considered to be more important
- If they move against a stationary background, attention is drawn to them
- Even distribution of characters makes for a balanced shot, whereas uneven distribution is unsettling to the eye
- Positioning of characters within the frame may even indicate emotional distance
STUDENT NOTE: Questions to use when analysing-
- Dominant- where is our eye attracted to first? Why?
- Lighting Key- is the lighting high or low key? High contrast? A combination?
- Shot and camera proxemics- what type of shot is it? Camera distance?
- Angle- low? High? Oblique? Neutral?
- Colour values- what colours/hues are dominant? What is the colour symbolism?
- Lens/filter/stock- are these used to distort or comment on the scene?
- Subsidiary contrasts- what are the main eye-stops after the dominant?
- Density- how much visual information is there? What is the texture?
- Composition- how is the screen space segmented and organised?
- Form- Open or closed? Window view or proscenium arch?
- Framing- Tight or loose? Do the characters have room to move?
- Depth- how many planes of depth are utilised? How do they interrelate?
- Staging positions- How are they positioned in relation to each other?
- The Setting
- The Costume and Makeup
- The use of figure, expression and movement by actors
- The Lighting
- The Positioning within the frame
THE STYLE SCALE:
Formalism & expressionism
- Form over content: how things are shown is most important, and beyond a usual representation of reality. Expressionist films are highly stylise, and are characterised by oblique camera angles, distorted shapes, bizarre setting, high contrast lighting and surreal and subjective.
- Realism
- Content over form: looks like real life- the intent is to make up forget it is a representation. This is the dominant style of most films, and is sometimes referred to as "the style of no style"
SETTING:
Setting gives a sense of place and time.Whatever the film is, you should always anaylse the set, because it provides important clues about the nature of the film, such as:
- Where the action takes place
- When the action takes place
- The mood
- The characters
- The genre of the film
COSTUME AND MAKEUP:
Costume and makeup can be considered as part of the set, because they indicate:
- The period
- The state of society
- Social class
- Cultural backgrounds
- Character traits
Changes in costume indicte changes in character, for example:
- Rich to poor
- Taking off clothes as lowering defences
- Clothing may also be a trademark
FIGURE, EXPRESSION AND MOVEMENT:
- Body language
- Appearance
- Facial Expression (very significant in close ups)
- Sound elements
- The way a character stands and moves is important
- If they are in the foreground, they may be considered to be more important
- If they move against a stationary background, attention is drawn to them
- Even distribution of characters makes for a balanced shot, whereas uneven distribution is unsettling to the eye
- Positioning of characters within the frame may even indicate emotional distance
STUDENT NOTE: Questions to use when analysing-
- Dominant- where is our eye attracted to first? Why?
- Lighting Key- is the lighting high or low key? High contrast? A combination?
- Shot and camera proxemics- what type of shot is it? Camera distance?
- Angle- low? High? Oblique? Neutral?
- Colour values- what colours/hues are dominant? What is the colour symbolism?
- Lens/filter/stock- are these used to distort or comment on the scene?
- Subsidiary contrasts- what are the main eye-stops after the dominant?
- Density- how much visual information is there? What is the texture?
- Composition- how is the screen space segmented and organised?
- Form- Open or closed? Window view or proscenium arch?
- Framing- Tight or loose? Do the characters have room to move?
- Depth- how many planes of depth are utilised? How do they interrelate?
- Staging positions- How are they positioned in relation to each other?
Thursday, 6 November 2014
Semiotics
Semiotics: the study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation. It is a sign of the image/code/physical part that stands for a 'thing' or 'idea'. The thing that is the sign (the thing that means something) is called the signifier. What it means is called the signified. Signs that have literal meaning (denotation) and 'value added' meanings- things we associate with them, as individuals are as groups (connotation). The meanings signs are shared by groups of people. The understanding of the non-literal meanings of signs by a group is especially goverend by factors such as:
- Age
- Race
- Religion
- Country of residence
- Cultural upbringing
- Schooling
- Class
- Our hobbies and habits
- Media experiences
Meaning has to be shared by a group for the 'code' to work. 'Codes' have different numbers of people who are fluent in that 'code' 'Codes' are used everyday and include language (spoken), written language, moving images (TV, film), behavior at mealtimes, marriages, etc just to name a few. These are often called 'Discourse' in media studies. Signs can relate directly to what they re[resent. (i.e. look like what they stand for- called 'iconic') or they can be an arbitrary shape or sound that a group agrees to and not look anything like the thing they represent (called 'symbolic'). Signs that give or have meaning based on a relationship between the two are called 'indexical' (such as using smoke on warning sign to indicate fire)
OTHER FACTORS IN MEDIA STUDIES RELATED TO SEMIOTICS
Things are not usually black and white- they can be on a graded scale (called a 'Cline'), think about grades or degrees of heat/hotness. Users of the code (such as language or film) make choices relating to what happens next (called 'syntagm') This is like a sentence or the running order of scenes in a film; it's about choosing along the linear. Those same users also make choices at each point from a list of options (called a 'paradigm'), making a choice each time from a list. People associate ideas and things together and this is used to make meaning in the media. It's called contiguity (contiguous). People often use the characteristics of one thing to stand for the whole of it- so Big Ben for the Houses Of Parliament and/or for the UK Government, likewise the White House is used to stand for the president administration, or The Eiffel Tower for Paris. These meanings are called 'mentonymous' (metonsyms).
People's shared experiences, especially in media texts, allow for media text producers to refer to other media texts in their work. This is called 'intertextuality'- The Simpsons often does this when they 'do' The Simpsons versions of- for example- horror films. Theorists argue a lot about the extra meaning ('value added'- connotations). The audience or receivers of texts are often assumed to be/react or read a text a similar way. This similarity is called 'homogenous' (homogeneity). However, audiences are not the same, and they read things in different ways. They can be very diverse. Diversity in audiences is called 'hetrogeneity' (hetrogeneous). There are different types of signs as alluded to above:
- Icon: looks very like the thing being represented (e.g. Photograph)
- Index: suggests something related to the image (e.g. Smoke to indicate fire)
- Symbol: had agreed, shared meaning(s) not related to what the sign itself looks like, and those meanings can be quite 'deep'.
Signs that have more than one meaning are said to be polysemic. Because signs can have more than one meaning, the way they are grouped or places together is important- adding words for example anchors meaning. Images are places together carefully in groups to help the audience makes sense of what they're seeing.
- Age
- Race
- Religion
- Country of residence
- Cultural upbringing
- Schooling
- Class
- Our hobbies and habits
- Media experiences
Meaning has to be shared by a group for the 'code' to work. 'Codes' have different numbers of people who are fluent in that 'code' 'Codes' are used everyday and include language (spoken), written language, moving images (TV, film), behavior at mealtimes, marriages, etc just to name a few. These are often called 'Discourse' in media studies. Signs can relate directly to what they re[resent. (i.e. look like what they stand for- called 'iconic') or they can be an arbitrary shape or sound that a group agrees to and not look anything like the thing they represent (called 'symbolic'). Signs that give or have meaning based on a relationship between the two are called 'indexical' (such as using smoke on warning sign to indicate fire)
OTHER FACTORS IN MEDIA STUDIES RELATED TO SEMIOTICS
Things are not usually black and white- they can be on a graded scale (called a 'Cline'), think about grades or degrees of heat/hotness. Users of the code (such as language or film) make choices relating to what happens next (called 'syntagm') This is like a sentence or the running order of scenes in a film; it's about choosing along the linear. Those same users also make choices at each point from a list of options (called a 'paradigm'), making a choice each time from a list. People associate ideas and things together and this is used to make meaning in the media. It's called contiguity (contiguous). People often use the characteristics of one thing to stand for the whole of it- so Big Ben for the Houses Of Parliament and/or for the UK Government, likewise the White House is used to stand for the president administration, or The Eiffel Tower for Paris. These meanings are called 'mentonymous' (metonsyms).
People's shared experiences, especially in media texts, allow for media text producers to refer to other media texts in their work. This is called 'intertextuality'- The Simpsons often does this when they 'do' The Simpsons versions of- for example- horror films. Theorists argue a lot about the extra meaning ('value added'- connotations). The audience or receivers of texts are often assumed to be/react or read a text a similar way. This similarity is called 'homogenous' (homogeneity). However, audiences are not the same, and they read things in different ways. They can be very diverse. Diversity in audiences is called 'hetrogeneity' (hetrogeneous). There are different types of signs as alluded to above:
- Icon: looks very like the thing being represented (e.g. Photograph)
- Index: suggests something related to the image (e.g. Smoke to indicate fire)
- Symbol: had agreed, shared meaning(s) not related to what the sign itself looks like, and those meanings can be quite 'deep'.
Signs that have more than one meaning are said to be polysemic. Because signs can have more than one meaning, the way they are grouped or places together is important- adding words for example anchors meaning. Images are places together carefully in groups to help the audience makes sense of what they're seeing.
Monday, 3 November 2014
Example Horror Shot
Sunday, 2 November 2014
Saturday, 1 November 2014
Introduction to "Film Language"
Film Language consists of many aspects. These aspects of a film help to create meaning for the audience, therefore, creating understanding.
EDITING- STYLES:
- Straight Cut
- Jump Out
- Fade
- Wipe
- Dissolve
- Graphic Match
MISE-EN-SCENE:
- Setting
- Props
- Hair/Makeup
- Facial Expressions
- Body Language
- Lighting and Colour
- Positioning within the frame
USE OF CAMERA:
FRAMING:
- Close Up
- Extreme Close Up/Big Close Up
- Mid Shot
- Long Shot
-Extreme Long Shot
- Point Of View
- Subjective
- Master Shot/Establishing Shot
- Over The Shoulder Shot
- Two Shot
- High Angle
MOVEMENT:
- Pan
- Track
- Tilt
- Roll
- Zoom
- Crane
- Crash Zoom
- Whip Pan
- Arc
- Steadicam
- Aerial Shot
- Hand Held
SOUND:
- Diegetic Sound
- Non-Diegetic Sound
- Parallel/Contrapuntal sound
- On/Off Screen Sound
- Sound Bridges
LIGHTING & SOUND:
- Low-Key Lighting
- High-Key Lighting
- Back-Lighting
- Top-Lighting
- Underlighting
EDITING- STYLES:
- Straight Cut
- Jump Out
- Fade
- Wipe
- Dissolve
- Graphic Match
MISE-EN-SCENE:
- Setting
- Props
- Hair/Makeup
- Facial Expressions
- Body Language
- Lighting and Colour
- Positioning within the frame
USE OF CAMERA:
FRAMING:
- Close Up
- Extreme Close Up/Big Close Up
- Mid Shot
- Long Shot
-Extreme Long Shot
- Point Of View
- Subjective
- Master Shot/Establishing Shot
- Over The Shoulder Shot
- Two Shot
- High Angle
MOVEMENT:
- Pan
- Track
- Tilt
- Roll
- Zoom
- Crane
- Crash Zoom
- Whip Pan
- Arc
- Steadicam
- Aerial Shot
- Hand Held
SOUND:
- Diegetic Sound
- Non-Diegetic Sound
- Parallel/Contrapuntal sound
- On/Off Screen Sound
- Sound Bridges
LIGHTING & SOUND:
- Low-Key Lighting
- High-Key Lighting
- Back-Lighting
- Top-Lighting
- Underlighting
Friday, 31 October 2014
Friday, 12 September 2014
Uploading a video -- TEST --
Ryan Higa, aka NigaHiga, is amongst my favourite YouTubers- Please enjoy one of my favourite videos of his!
My YouTube Channel! -- Uploading a playlist TEST --
As a test, I decided to embed a playlist! This is a playlist of my Youtube channel:
Wednesday, 27 August 2014
Different Types of Frames and Camera Movement
FRAMES
Extreme Close Up:
Big Close Up:
Close Up:
Mid-Shot:
Mid-Long Shot:
Extreme Long Shot:
Point-Of-View Shot:
Worm's Eye View:
Bird's Eye View:
Aerial:
Crane:
High Angle:
Low Angle:
CAMERA MOVEMENT
Pan: Scanning the scene in all directions, but in one place. This is used for showing a location and for showing action.
Track: This is used to scan the set horizontally. This may make the viewer feel like they are suppose to look for something. This is also used to follow something to make the viewer feel like they are in the movie.
Tilt: It scans the scene vertically. This may make the viewer feel like they are suppose to look for something.
Pull Focus: (Link is my own example on my media Youtube account) When the focus is moved from one subject to another by blurring. This make the viewer stop focusing on one thing and paying attention to something else.
Crane: A crane shot is like a DOLLY shot, except it has a bigger range because the camera is attached to a crane. This is used to make the view feel like they have power- like they are omniscient.
Aerial: This may give the same effect as the bird's eye view, if not a bigger effect because the viewer is able to see even more of the location. This shot is used for introducing a significant location. This gives a similar effect on the viewer as the crane shot, but because aerial is on a larger scale, it gives a bigger effect.
Zoom in: Concentrating on one object (usually significant) Used for focusing on a specific thing.
Zoom out: Trying to hide an object. Used for showing background to direct the target object.
Whip Pan: Following a fast moving object. Makes the viewer feel like they are watching something go past them really fast.
Handheld: The camera is controlled with a human's bare hands. This gives the effect that the viewer is in the scene- that they are a character. (It's more 'jerky')
Dolly: The piece of equipment used for tracking. A DOLLY is a contraption with 3 wheels that is attached to a tripod. This enables the camera person to wheel around the tripod, making it a 'smoother' track.
Steadicam: A smoother version of handheld.
Extreme Close Up:
Big Close Up:
Close Up:
Mid-Shot:
Mid-Long Shot:
In this shot, the character and the setting are both significant (however, the character is still more important). It places the character in context. This shot shows from the knees up. |
Extreme Long Shot:
This shot is used to show the significance and impressiveness of a setting. The character is hardly visible- the setting completely dominates the character (the character is worthless). |
Point-Of-View Shot:
Worm's Eye View:
Bird's Eye View:
Aerial:
Crane:
A crane shot is like a DOLLY shot, except it has a bigger range because the camera is attached to a crane. This is used to show the action that is taking place in a scene. |
High Angle:
This makes the viewer feel like they are superior because they can see from a higher point of view. You are focusing on something that is below you. |
Low Angle:
This makes the viewer feel inferior because they are much lower than the subject. It gives the effect that you are small in the world. |
CAMERA MOVEMENT
Pan: Scanning the scene in all directions, but in one place. This is used for showing a location and for showing action.
Track: This is used to scan the set horizontally. This may make the viewer feel like they are suppose to look for something. This is also used to follow something to make the viewer feel like they are in the movie.
Tilt: It scans the scene vertically. This may make the viewer feel like they are suppose to look for something.
Crane: A crane shot is like a DOLLY shot, except it has a bigger range because the camera is attached to a crane. This is used to make the view feel like they have power- like they are omniscient.
Aerial: This may give the same effect as the bird's eye view, if not a bigger effect because the viewer is able to see even more of the location. This shot is used for introducing a significant location. This gives a similar effect on the viewer as the crane shot, but because aerial is on a larger scale, it gives a bigger effect.
Zoom in: Concentrating on one object (usually significant) Used for focusing on a specific thing.
Zoom out: Trying to hide an object. Used for showing background to direct the target object.
Whip Pan: Following a fast moving object. Makes the viewer feel like they are watching something go past them really fast.
Handheld: The camera is controlled with a human's bare hands. This gives the effect that the viewer is in the scene- that they are a character. (It's more 'jerky')
Dolly: The piece of equipment used for tracking. A DOLLY is a contraption with 3 wheels that is attached to a tripod. This enables the camera person to wheel around the tripod, making it a 'smoother' track.
Steadicam: A smoother version of handheld.
Monday, 25 August 2014
My first blog post! - AS Media Studies
25th August 2014. I'm sitting up here, alone, in my massive loft room. *Sighs* Ah, I can remember this time last year when it was in the middle being constructed. When the conversion was expected to only last 3 months, when really it actually lasted 5. Dust everywhere. Mum having to hoover the house every single day after the workers left the house. My mum and dad moaning about the builders. My sister's broken ceiling. My sister and I having to sleep in my room together for 5 months. Everyone's stuff being shifted everywhere. Man, that was a blast! Kinda.
It's currently 20:40, and like I said before, I'm sitting up here, alone, in my massive loft room. The rain's pouring down. Mum's getting dinner ready- I can hear her from downstairs. My laptop is in my lap as I sit on a big, black chair. I feel snug. My room is lit with nothing but my desk lamp. In front of my is my pink and purple desk. My iPhone on the edge (I should really move that), my big Sixth Form folder open to the "Media Studies" page. Gosh, Year 12. How did that come so fast? New area, new teachers, new people- It's like Year 7 all over again! Except scarier. But at the same time, It's quite exciting!
But no, right now at 20:46, It's actually pretty peaceful in here. A bit too peaceful to be honest...
~
Hey, I'm Jasmine! You can call me "Jaz" though. My form tutor in Year 11 called me that from day 1! I'm from England and I'm 16 years old! Oh, you want to know more? Well, alright. I'm a Asian kid who likes to make YouTube videos, broadcast on hospital radio on Saturday mornings and like playing her my guitar REALLY loudly in her bedroom.
So I probably annoy my neighbours a lot with my music.
I don't know.
I also have a little sister called Mariya. She's 4 years younger than me.
Oh, and my favourite celebrity is Selena Gomez. (Yes, if you want to know me, you NEED to know that!!) I met her as well on September 7th last year... But that's a story for another day :)
I have pet fish and I have 4 budgies- Ippy, Tweety, Snowy and Zeze. We did have 2 to begin with... But, again, that's a story I'll save for another day :)
Yeah there are more stories that I may or may not sure on another day. What is "another day?" When is "another day"? Oh, whoops, I'm going off topic. Psssh.
I'm not sure what I'm going to be doing on this blog because I'm using it for Sixth Form... But what I DO know this that I'm REEEAAALLLYY excited to see what I'm going to do with this! I've blogged once. But that was when I was like 9 or 10. I had my own website and everything. But I didn't know how to use it... So that's kind of awkward!
Alright, my mum's calling me down for dinner.
I'll see you guys later :)
~ Jaz ~
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